openstax.org free college textbooks

 2022.7.2: news.adds/edu/
openstax.org/free college textbooks

I list about 80% of the openstax books

that were of the most interest to me

and organized some in the order that

I read them during college,

or will read them in the future.

astrophysics Dr.Adam Becker`What is Real? Bohm!

 2021.1.7: phy/astrophysics Dr.Adam Becker`What is Real?:

lecture at google --has transcript:

https://youtu.be/u2K9Mobldtw?t=2195

40m: Bell supports Bohm 

--this is exciting: must get this book!

Adam Becker, PhD is an astrophysicist and science writer. 

His new book explores the

history of quantum foundations

and the questions that remain to be answered.

spie.org #phy #library

2014.12.12: lib.phy/spie.org/samples:
SPIE the international society for optics and photonics,
is advancing an interdisciplinary approach
to the science and application of light.
SPIE publishes the SPIE Digital Library,
containing more than 400,000 research papers
from the Proceedings of SPIE and the Society's
10 scholarly journals with around 18,000 new papers added each year,
and more than 195 eBooks from the SPIE Press catalog.
The SPIE Press publishes print monographs, tutorial texts,
Field Guides, and reference books.
SPIE also publishes a wide variety of open access content.

magnetic fields affect the gravitational field #phy

2014.11.16: news.phy/aether/Dr.Judy Wood`
magnetic fields affect the gravitational field:
Dr. Judy Wood (2hr:43min):

see Boyd Bushman experiments:
. when magnets are pushing against eachother
they are less prone to the pull of gravity
they fall slower than a non-magnetic control;
. 2 magnets arranged so that they are attracting each other
fall faster than the control:
being attracted by magnetism
makes them more prone to gravity's pull .

the omniverse #phy

2014.11.15: phy/the omniverse:
ria.edu`Omniverse:
My self has a sense of Personal (or self) Reality
[perception is part of reality]
that is influenced by Temporal (or contingent) Reality
[physics is a part of reality]
and by Paragonal (or necessary) Reality
[mathematical and ethical facts are part of reality]
in an Omniverse Environment
(the omniverse is all of reality).

Aquarian Steady State theorem

12.31: relig/aquarian/ElectroMagnetic Relationism
summary:
. for the dawning of the Aquarian Age,
I'm publishing a new version of 1992's
Physics/eternity/How a Star is Created:
. the vanilla "Steady State" theorem was disproved;
but, it's a perfect surname for a cosmology that
 supports the Final Anthropic Principle;
so, in honor of the 2012 festivities,
my cosmology will be referred to as
the Aquarian Steady State theorem .

the Screw U. principle:
. a new twist on developing this subject
is the theory that all real research on it
is stifled because it inexorably leads to
an understanding of Directed Energy Weaponry .

hydrogen economy is here!

11.21: news.gear/solar for 50cent per watt!:

Making the entire cell using a roll-to-roll process

gives the company an advantage over other

thin-film photovoltaic companies that print on glass,

which is heavier and limited to smaller areas,

says Solexant CEO Damoder Reddy.

"The cost benefit is dramatic,

allowing us to produce cells for 50 cents a watt," he says.

First Solar, a thin-film company that uses vacuum deposition

to print its cells onto glass,

has manufacturing costs of 85 cents per watt.

Nanosolar, another company making nanocrystal solar cells,

uses a different semiconductor that requires chemical reactions

to take place during printing,

which increases the complexity and expense of the process.

"We print a preformed semiconductor,"

which eliminates such steps, says Reddy.

The company's first product, which Reddy says

will sell for $1 per watt next year,

will contain a single layer of the nanocrystals.

The company is currently developing other types of nanocrystals

that are more responsive to different bands of the solar spectrum

in the hopes of boosting its cells' efficiency.

"Ultimately we want to make a multilayer, broad-spectrum cell,"

says Reddy.

. For a truly disruptive project, check out the open-source framework

for solar monitoring .

11.23: web.phy/solar/water to hydrogen was prev'ly requiring platinum:

. what was the big deal about getting {oxygen, hydrogen} out of electricity;

I saw that in grade school

-- what I didn't know was that they were

only able due to the presence of a very rare

and expensive catalyst: platinum .

. now the hydrogen just got much cheaper !

. heard about the latest update on scifri radio:

Daniel Nocera

The Henry Dreyfus Professor of Energy and Professor of Chemistry

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Home-Brewed Electricity

. a report by an international expert on solar energy

in the November 2 issue of ACS' Inorganic Chemistry,

. Daniel Nocera describes a long-awaited, inexpensive method for solar energy storage

that could help power homes and plug-in cars in the future

Daniel Nocera making hydrogen fuel from water:

. Scientists have long known how to split water into hydrogen and oxygen,

but unlike plants, they've needed high temperatures and harsh solutions,

or rare and expensive catalysts like platinum.

[without the platinum, the loose hydrogens just stay unbound,

increasing the acidity, and complicating containment]

Nocera's catalyst is the first made from

cheap, abundant materials (cobalt and phosphate)

that works in benign conditions: a glass of water at room temperature.

The crucial insight that makes this possible came to Nocera in 2004,

when biologists figured out plants' water-splitting machine.

They learned that the machine falls apart regularly,

requiring the leaf to rebuild it from scratch.

They too could let the catalyst break down,

then use a small amount of solar energy to reconstruct it, again and again.

'Major discovery' from MIT primed to unleash solar revolution

a paper describing the work in the July 31 issue of Science.

"This is just the beginning," said Nocera,

principal investigator for the Solar Revolution Project

funded by the Chesonis Family Foundation

and co-Director of the Eni-MIT Solar Frontiers Center.

"The scientific community is really going to run with this."

'Major Discovery' Primed To Unleash Solar Revolution:

Nocera and Matthew Kanan, a postdoctoral fellow in Nocera's lab,

When electricity runs through the electrode,

the cobalt and phosphate form a thin film on the electrode,

and oxygen gas is produced.

Combined with another catalyst, such as platinum,

that can produce hydrogen gas from water,

the system can duplicate the water splitting reaction

that occurs during photosynthesis.

The new catalyst works at room temperature, in neutral pH water,

and it's easy to set up, Nocera said.

Nocera hopes that within 10 years,

homeowners will be able to power their homes in daylight through photovoltaic cells,

while using excess solar energy to produce hydrogen and oxygen

to power their own household fuel cell.

Electricity-by-wire from a central source could be a thing of the past.

This project was funded by the National Science Foundation

and by the Chesonis Family Foundation .

Solar Revolution Project

. announced a $10 million grant

to develop technology to make solar power mainstream.

The Chesonis Foundation donated the money for research in three areas:

materials to improve conversion of light to electricity;

storage;

and hydrogen production from solar energy and water.

Called the Solar Revolution Project,

it will provide funding for 30 five-year fellowships in solar energy.

The idea is to pursue "blue sky" research,

in an effort to fill the void between corporate-funded applied research

and the limited amount of federal money dedicated to basic science research in solar,

said Ernest Moniz, the director of the MIT Energy Initiative.

"There are some really hard problems that need to be solved

for the really big breakthroughs to come," Moniz said.

"The underlying science of photosythesis

is extremely complicated and not well understood at the electronic level."

As part of the campus-wide MIT Energy Initiative,

the university already has other ongoing solar-related research initiatives,

including the recently announced

MIT-Fraunhofer Center for Sustainable Energy Systems.

The Solar Revolution Project funding is meant to be flexible to allow researchers to

pursue breakthrough technologies.

A solar leadership council will be formed to coordinate activities among

different research efforts at MIT, Moniz said.

The Chesonis grant will also help fund a

solar energy research report,

modeled on the university's influential reports on nuclear and coal.

Although the power is free, solar electric panels are relatively expensive

because of the large up-front cost.

Solar power is small fraction of the overall electricity production in the U.S.

--just half of one percent in 2007,

according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

. to bring costs down, Researchers and solar companies are trying to develop

large-scale manufacturing technologies and higher solar cell efficiency

The Chesonis Family Foundation was founded by Arunas Chesonis,

an MIT graduate who is CEO of telecom company Paetec Holding.

another better solar panel:

Even though it is only the size of a postage stamp

-- compared to the usual solar collector area that spans 4 x 4 feet --

the cell is much more efficient in collecting and reusing solar energy.

The lens focuses incoming sunlight onto the solar cell.

Microchannels at the base of the module

transfer energy in the form of heat and light to wires contained inside.

Each vertical stack of lenses rolls and tilts like a track blind,

keeping the surface of the lenses faced to incoming sunlight

as the sun changes position in the sky throughout the day.

Incorporating these new cells into arrays

could make solar energy an option that is competitive with other energy sources .

12.18: news.gear/could Double Solar efficiency:

Technology Review Dec. 18, 2009`Hot Electrons Could Double Solar Power

. Boston College researchers have built solar cells

that get a power boost from the blue light portion of sunlight

(whose energy is normally lost in heat).

The solar cells could, in theory,

result in efficiencies as high as 67 percent of the energy in sunlight,

compared to 35 percent with ordinary solar cells...

cyborganics

11.21: news.adds/cyborganics/Chips in brains will control computers by 2020:

Computerworld, Nov. 19, 2009

By the year 2020, you won't need a keyboard and mouse to control your computer,

say Intel Corp. researchers,

who are close to gaining the ability to build brain sensing technology

into a headset that culd be used to manipulate a computer,

working with associates at Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh.

Their next step is development of a tiny, far less cumbersome sensor

that could be implanted inside the brain.

refuting the big bang

11.21: news.phy/Mystery 'dark flow' extends towards edge of universe

New Scientist Space Nov. 16, 2009 (www.kurzweilai.net)

Up to 1000 galaxy clusters have found to be

streaming at up to 1000 kilometers per second

towards one particular part of the cosmos,

a possible sign that other universes are out there....

. that reminds me of the book refuting the big bang:

he pointed out that structures are part of superstructures,

so then given this and seeing things attracting each other,

it appears they are part of structure like galaxies,

only galaxy clusters are their units instead of solar systems .

em objects' connection switching

6.2:

. if em (electromagnetic wave) obj's exist independent of

the masses they connect,

are they vanishing when the view is obstructed by other obj's ?

. certainly the em net is only between adjacents

because obstructions can obstruct all em energy transfers .

. think of em's as existing per atom

to connect with any reachables .

[6.3:

. or think of each mass as having an infinity of infinite waves

in infinite directions,

and the waves of atom are virtually connected to the waves of another

because the wave in one em obj' is inducing a wave

in nearby parallel em obj's . ]

7.24: news.phy/light as particle and wave:

The wavelength of light ranges from hundreds of miles for long radio waves

to one millionth of a nanometer for gamma rays [graphic].

The energy of light is inversely proportional to the wavelength,

such that gamma rays are a billion billion times more energetic than radio waves.

The classic example of particleness is the photoelectric effect,

in which light hitting a metal sheet

causes electrons to fly out of the surface.

Surprisingly, light longer than a certain wavelength

cannot liberate electrons, no matter how bright the source is.

. a strict wave theory of light cannot explain this wavelength threshold,

since many long waves should pack the same total energy

as a few short waves.

[hello?]

. the Einstein`particle theory never replaced the wave theory,

since only waves can describe how light interferes with itself

when it passes through two slits .

8.20: phy/Faster Than Light Travel--Concepts and Their "Problems":

http://www.physicsguy.com/ftl/html/FTL_part4.html

. when I saw the title to this,

I thought there should not be any problem with going faster than light speed,

. it is speed, and what are the limits on acceleration?

. you need to show that the energy needed to accelerate the fuel

is going to mean there is not eno' fuel to approach light speed .

. if you could catch fuel on the fly by concentrating light;

but how can that fuel cause acceleration in a vacuum?