the omniverse #phy

2014.11.15: phy/the omniverse:
ria.edu`Omniverse:
My self has a sense of Personal (or self) Reality
[perception is part of reality]
that is influenced by Temporal (or contingent) Reality
[physics is a part of reality]
and by Paragonal (or necessary) Reality
[mathematical and ethical facts are part of reality]
in an Omniverse Environment
(the omniverse is all of reality).

subtypes of values vs addresses #terminology

12.10: mis.adda/oop/terminology/subtypes of values vs addresses:
. I'm misusing the term "subtype"?
let's review,
2010/04/polymorphic-vs-evolutionary-subtyping.html
2012/02/def-supertype-supratype-surtype.html
2012/10/infratypes-of-surtypes-phyla-of-taxa.html

"you mean that N is a subset of Z,
but then that implies Z is a subtype of N?
that depends on the direction:
you can represent any N value with a Z,
but if I need the address to an N,
a Z is no substitute because it
doesn't enforce my range constraint ."

so, "subtype" is the right word sometimes .

# for passing a value in:
. if the actual is a subrange of the formal,
then it will fit, and the actual is
serving both types, and that's what a subtype is .
. if the actual is a
constant version of the formal's type,
no changes are needed so input is accepted,
and constant T is a subtype of T here .

# for passing a value out:
. if the actual is a subrange of the formal,
the formal is saying
"I might send out a large number"
and the actual is saying
"I can't handle large numbers";
therefore access to subrange of T
is not a subtype of access to T .
. if the actual is
a constant version of the formal
the constant fails to accept any of the output;
therefore access to constant T
is not a subtype of access to T .

. after reading notes on terminology
I decided on yet another revision to that:
"surtype" is the system's typeclass
(pointer, valuetype, subprogram, aggregate, ...);
because, a surtype can classify
every object found in a programming environment .
. a polymorphic typeclass like number.type
is an example of a "polymorphtype" .
. the types {N,Z,Q,C,R}
are all the "morphtypes" of number;
"morphsubtypes" are constrained subtypes of morphtypes;
"infratypes" are implementations of a morphtype,
eg, the machine type Z32 (32-bit integer)
may implement a subrange of morphtype Z .

infratypes of surtypes, phyla of taxa

8.13: adda/oop/rethinking terminology:
. I have terminology for biop (binary operations) oop
arranged as supertypes existing as
one of fixed number of subtypes;
eg, Number is a supertype because it manages the
binary interactions between the following types
which are therefore called subtypes of number:
integer, real, decimal, rational, irrational, complex .
. classic oop hasn't played well with biop's:
being objected-oriented has meant that
(obj+x) had to be expressed as (obj.+(x))
and then obj's type, say int, needed to have
(+)-operations for each possible numeric type
(int, real, rational, irrational, complex);
what we needed was multi-dispatching:
where (obj+ x) gets sent to the supertype,
which finds the right subtype to handle it .

. the notion of subtype
can also include range limits .
. there are naturally limits imposed by
the numeric types that machines provide,
such as what can fit in multiple of bytes;
eg, int8, int16, int32, float32 .
. within my theory of oop,
these might be called infratypes,
for reminding of the term infrastructure .
[10.5:
. infratype is a relative term:
regardless of whether it's a cpu type,
or a type you reused from a library,
an infratype of T.type is any type that has been
reused for implementing T .
10.7:
. I'm realizing that infratypes
should be supported by the type.tag
(simply because we should support
space-efficient numerics,
and we do that, then we need to know
which infratype we're using in
(8, 16, 32, extendible);
therefore,
what I've been calling subtypes
(in the biop oop context)
can instead be called ideal infratypes
(in contrast to optimized infratypes);
likewise,
what I've been calling the supertype
can instead be the opposite of infratype:
that seems to be the word: surtype .
-- also some extra checking just now
shows that the idea I'm trying to convey,
is the same as that found in the words:
{surname, surface} -- the outermost part .]

[10.5: 10.7:
. in contrast to the ideal infratypes
that are designed by mathematicians,
the optimized infratypes are chosen by the
intersection of what types the platform provides
and what is of use by the
constrained versions of the ideal infratypes .

. there is a relationship between
subtypes and infratypes:
. within a polymorphic type,
infratypes are the type's possible forms (morphs);
whereas an value whose type is a subtype of T,
can be used anywhere a T-typed obj is permitted;
but the reverse is not true:
if you have a variable obj whose type is a subtype of T,
it cannot be used anywhere a T-typed obj is permitted;
rather the replacing obj must be able to handle
every value and every operation
that could be handled by the obj' it's replacing .

. a surtype has a finite set of ideal infratypes,
ie, types distinguished by having differences in
either the allowed set of operations,
or the data format of the current state .
. within each ideal infratype,
we then have a possibly infinite number of
additional subtypes
according to constraints on
value attributes, eg, on the value's range,
or the scientific format's number of digits,
or on the number of fraction digits .]

def supertype, supratype, surtype

web.adds/{super, supra, sur}-type:
summary:
. there are uses in the wild of each of
surtype, supratype, and supertype
to mean something like an ancestor type
if not specifically the parent type .

. in genetics, type has a special meaning:
what the gene expresses functionally,
so then the term, supertype,
is used for what the gene expresses incidentally, in tests;
in this system of nomenclature,
the highest type might be called the supratype .

. within knowledge engineering,
the terms are surtype or supertype,
rather than supratype .
. the term surtype was associated with
being complete; ie,
a surtype has several subtypes,
and every instance belongs to a subtype .
. surtype may be related to the term Surjection:
in the surjective mapping,
every instance of the function's codomain
belongs to the mapping .

. wikipedia's take is lean so far:
supertype redirects to Subtype polymorphism;
and neither wiktionary nor wikipedia
have supratype or surtype .
. wiktionary's supertype:
(computing) The data type represented by a superclass .

menucode

2.4: adda/dstr/menucode:
. menucode is a variation of the index-style pointer
. it's a finite enumeration that is then mapped to
pointers or indexes .
2.14:
. what pointers and indexes have in common is
being addresses of a memory implementation .
. this is in contrast to opcodes and menucodes
which are specifying what you want to address
rather than where its address is .

terminology

11.30: web.adds/engl/a word for study of sensible terminology:

. instead of the word "(engl),

I was hoping for a replacement that meant

study and design of sensible terminology .

Etymology

. the derivation of a word.

2. an account of the history of a particular word or element of a word.

3. the study of historical linguistic change,

esp. as manifested in individual words.

Origin:

1398, from Gk. etymologia, from etymon "true sense"

(neut. of etymos "true," related to eteos "true")

+ logos "word." In classical times, of meanings; later, of histories.

Latinized by Cicero as veriloquium.

1350Ð1400; ME: L etymologia: Gk etymolog’a,

equiv. to etymol—g(os) studying the true meanings and values of words

(Žtymo(s) true (see etymon ) + l—gos word, reason) + -ia -y 3

lexis:

1955Ð60; : Gk lŽxis speech, diction, word, text,

equiv. to lŽg(ein) to speak, recount

(akin to l—gos account, word, L legere to read;

see logos, lection ) + -sis -sis

the vocabulary of a language, as distinct from its grammar;

the total stock of words and idiomatic combinations of them in a language;

lexicon.

lexigram:

a symbol that represents a word

lexicology:

The branch of linguistics that deals with the lexical component of language.

study of the formation, meaning, and use of words

and of idiomatic combinations of words.

lexicography:

1. the writing, editing, or compiling of dictionaries.

2. the principles and procedures involved in

writing, editing, or compiling dictionaries.

lexicon (plural: lexica):

a wordbook or dictionary, esp. of Greek, Latin, or Hebrew.

2. the vocabulary of a particular language, field, social class, person, etc.

3. inventory or record

4. Linguistics.

a. the total inventory of morphemes in a given language.

b. the inventory of base morphemes plus their combinations with derivational morphemes.

lexical:

1. of or pertaining to the words or vocabulary of a language,

esp. as distinguished from its grammatical and syntactical aspects.

2. of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a lexicon.

lexeme:

n. The fundamental unit of the lexicon of a language.

Find, finds, found, and finding are forms of the English lexeme find.