pioneers of the abstract data type or object-oriented modularization

2021.7.21..8.19: news.adda/lang/
pioneers of the abstract data type or object-oriented modularization/
Wirth 1979`founders of abstract data type were C.A.R. Hoare, P. Brinch Hansen:

. I had recently heard prof Liskov 2013

explaining how she was the origin of the ADT

(abstract data type) back in 1971

when she was working on the Venus system;

http://amerdreamdocs.blogspot.com/2021/07/drbarbara-liskovthe-software-crisis.html

but prof Wirth 1979 claims the idea came from

C.A.R. Hoare and P. Brinch Hansen;

however, he gives no details or a date.

. about the same time that Liskov was working on Venus

David L. Parnas was mentioning "information hiding" 

referring to object-oriented modules

being preferred to functional decomposition.

user-defined painting tools

 21.7.16: adde/graphics/user-defined painting tools:

. all the painting tools in the graphics editor

come with high-level instructions (adda code)

that users can copy and modify 

for coding their own tools.

. your brush can have a parameters page of your own design 

not just the usual tool width, flow density, etc.

. each tool is launching a subprogram

that can have any number of novel parameters.

Dr.Barbara Liskov`the software crisis averted with modularity based on data abstraction

21.6.10:  7.12: news.adda/lang/

Dr.Barbara Liskov`the software crisis averted with modularity based on data abstraction:

. the key to programming in the large 

is modularity based on data abstraction

and that was not obvious before her work,

but now her work is mainstream, so it now seems obvious.

astrophysics Dr.Adam Becker`What is Real? Bohm!

 2021.1.7: phy/astrophysics Dr.Adam Becker`What is Real?:

lecture at google --has transcript:

https://youtu.be/u2K9Mobldtw?t=2195

40m: Bell supports Bohm 

--this is exciting: must get this book!

Adam Becker, PhD is an astrophysicist and science writer. 

His new book explores the

history of quantum foundations

and the questions that remain to be answered.

what Intel calls Control-flow Enforcement Technology

20.10.8: addx/what Intel calls

 Control-flow Enforcement Technology:

10.8, 10.9, 10.14: addx/protecting the call stack:

[@] was addx/soa/getting more efficiency along with safety/protecting the call stack

getting more efficiency along with safety from #SOA

20.9.25: addx/soa/

getting more efficiency along with safety:

10.19: summary:

. soa (service oriented architecture)

is expensive when it intervenes 

every call to a subprogram;

instead of calling soa mgt for every call,

we shouldn't be worried about an app making 

internal calls to parts of the same app

by the same author with the same privileges.

. a complement of soa controlling the calls,

is stack isolation controlling the returns.

keywords "this", "self", "returned" for adda

 20.10.28: adda/lexicon/this, self, returned:

a discussion about adding keywords to the language.

graphics editor ideas inspired by painting apps

adde/graphics 2020.12.20 .. 12.31

total formal verification is not possible in 2020

'20.11.3: co.quora/adds/cyb/sec/total formal verification is not possible in 2020:

current efforts at formal verification

cannot yet find all unknown vulnerabilities in software:

. as pointed out by the SeL4 team, in

“What is Proved and What is Assumed”

who used formal verification to debug a microkernel,

they are still vulnerable to inaccuracies of the hardware model;

ie, assuming the hardware acts a particular way

when under special conditions it actually does something else.

. some CPU chip instructions are reprogrammable by the manufacturer

with on-chip microcode; eg Intel Microcode

 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Microcode);

this could either make the CPU more correct

or make it vulnerable to malicious modification?

. also, there was some of the SeL4 software

that was not practically verifiable yet:

"there may still be faults remaining in

specific low-level parts of the kernel

(TLB, cache handling, handwritten assembly, boot code)."

the first automation was written language

2020.7.28..31: adds/cs/the first automation was written language:
here is what humans have over other animals:
. our language uses symbols that can entirely describe
our understanding of the world;
and our understanding of the world is so vast
that we can survive without adapting our genome
by engineering environmental adaptations.
. also,
language in its written form is
more important than speech (the verbal form);
because it represents a form of automation of our memory;
giving us not only communication
but a virtually infinite memory size.
. the first reliable computations involved
writing the steps of an algorithm
so that we could automate the part of our mind
that remembered each step and their ordering.

chromebook accommodating visual impairments

19.12.4: cyb/chrome/accommodating visual impairments:
. here are chromebook features for
when the eyes have trouble reading.
. select-to-speak can say selected text,
at least in the browser.
. if you can see only large text,
the docked magnifier works well;
also handy is the (shift control +)
screen resolution
(system menu/setting/device/display/
internal display/display size).

12 p.m. is noon

19.11.17: engl/12pm is noon:
. the way to see that 12 p.m. is noon
rather than midnight;
is to realize that 12 on the clock
is actually the clock's name for 0;
and, 0pm is the start of pm (afternoon),
so 12pm is noon.

Python library for robotic simulation using the MuJoCo engine

17.11.6: news.cs/robotics/
Python library for robotic simulation using the MuJoCo engine:
OpenAI 2017.6:
open-sourcing a high-performance Python library
for robotic simulation using the MuJoCo engine,
developed over our past year of robotics research.
This library is one of our core tools for
deep learning robotics research,
which we’ve now released as a major version of mujoco-py,
our Python 3 bindings for MuJoCo.
. mujoco-py uses data parallelism through OpenMP
and direct-access memory management through
Cython [C translator] and NumPy [math pkg]
to make batched simulation more efficient.

Intel's lack of documentation stalled MINIX

11.21: news.cyb/adds/doc/Intel's lack of documentation stalled MINIX:
. in an IEEE Computer interview,
[ieeeComputerSociety 2014]
Tanenbaum revealed he designed MINIX when
AT&T closed the source for Unix Version 7
and they could no longer use it
when teaching about the design of an OS.
. but it kept crashing until he heard a rumor
(nothing in the documentation mentioned it)
that the Intel chip when overheating
was causing an interrupt 15.
If his student Robert hadn't revealed the interrupt,
"there would have been no MINIX" he said.

common core math's subtraction

10.20: web.math/common core math/has new subtraction:
businessinsider:
. the new way is realizing a subtraction problem
is asking you to measure the distance between 2 numbers;
You do that, in turn, by measuring the distance between
landmarks (easy, round numbers).

phys.org 2015:
we all do arithmetic like this in our heads all the time.
Say you are buying a scone at a bakery for breakfast
and the total price is US$2.60.
You hand the cashier a $10 bill. How much change do you get?
Now, you do not perform the standard algorithm in your head.
You first note that you'd need another
40 cents to get to the next dollar, making $3,
and then you'd need $7 to get up to $10,
so your change is $7.40.

called the counting up subtraction method.
from the smaller number
count up to the nearest 10, 100, etc;
to that add the largest number's smaller digits.

I, robot (2004)

10.24: tv.adds/robotics/I, robot (2004):
summary:
. the movie "I, robot" had me realizing
how complicated good programming is.
[full synopsis]

brief review of Andrew Johnson's More to C

9.4: co.amazon/cyb/dev.c/more to c/5-star/an amazing author:
. a review of  Andrew Johnson 2017's
More to C - Advanced Programming with C 
in Linux and on Raspberry Pi

Dr. Daniel Julius Bernstein

7.25: web.cs/sec/Dr. Daniel Julius Bernstein:
. Dr. Daniel Julius Bernstein
is an authority on computer security;
he's a big fan of extreme sandboxing
(where the app is cooperative)
and safe programming languages.
djb's main page, his papers
(and who they are cited by).

git uses SHA-1 deprecated by NIST in 2011

2.25: news.cyb/dev/sec/git uses SHA-1 deprecated by NIST in 2011:
3.1: summary:
. git allows teams to concurrently work on software;
it uses SHA-1 hashing of versions,
to tell when files of a version have been modified
to help it merge versions of the software.
. SHA-1 has been cracked so you can modify a file
and yet have it result in the same SHA-1 hash,
thereby hiding the fact that it has been modified.
. the leader of git would like to replace SHA-1
with a more secure hash using more bits,
but would like to use a truncated version of that hash
so that git would only have to store and compare
the same number of bits as SHA-1.
. git is assumed by the leader of git, Linus Torvalds,
to be less vulnerable to the SHA-1 attack
because it includes not just the hash of a file
but also its size;
he gives no proof other than appeal to intuition:
can you imagine a way to add working malware to a file
while also keeping both the hash and the size the same?

#webassembly is starting beta

2.28: news.cyb/dev.net/webassembly.org is starting beta:
Mozilla, Microsoft, Google, and Apple have teamed up
to make the web more efficient.

SciStarter.com and citizenscience.org

12.12: news.adds/democratizing science/
SciStarter.com and citizenscience.org:

Citizen Science Association and SciStarter
are about making science more accessible
and crowd-sourcing science projects.

Milk for openMP

9.15: news.adda/lang/co/Milk for openMP:
917: summary:
. Milk language optimizes openMP,
to avoid having to rewrite code.
. if you are starting from scratch,
better to avoid openMP.

reputation-based trust management

2.12: news.cyb/sec/reputation-based trust management:
2.14: summary:
. even if the NSA keeps vulnerabilities in place
so that they may continue accessing their backdoors;
they do not want you pawned by other nation states.
. they recommended "reputation management",
which I believe refers to
reputation-based trust management.

NSA`Tailored Access Operations`Rob Joyce:
. admins need to lock things down as far as possible;
whitelisting apps, locking down permissions,
patching as soon as possible,
and using reputation management.
. when up against a new piece of malware
it will be missed by Signature-based antivirus
but could still be caught by reputation.

#robotics #AI heaven-or-hell-its-your-choice.com

1.10..11: news.cs/robotics/heaven-or-hell-its-your-choice.com:
summary:
. Alan Keeling` Heaven or Hell It's Your Choice;
is a book warning us about the coming robotics age.
. his idea of machine learning dangers is delusional
but he's onto something when he warns that
the current political systems will create killer robotics.
. robotics is a weaponizable technology
and it needs to be tightly controlled by a global government
in order to keep various military powers
from programming the robots to kill each other.
. the reason for capitalism is a sort of fascism
where good people take resources from the others
and good is defined by who's most profitable.
. let the free market decide who makes the money
and thus who can support unlimited breeding rates.
. it's civil war as each culture fights to expand;
and, free markets are the battleground;
but, robotics can be used to cheat capitalism
by sabotaging or killing competitors.
. we need to insist that all robotics are open sourced;
and prove that any robot unleashed in the real world
is following a constitution that hurts no humans.

0.999... is a hyperreal not equal to one

12.8: co.quora/math/
here's why I have a problem with (0.999...) = 1:
. if the number (0.999...) = (1 - 1/infinity) = 1;
then the set [0,1) = {0, ... 1- 1/infinity} = {0, ... 1} = [0..1];
but then we have [0,1) = [0,1] so did we want to mean that?

12.17: wiki:
The equality of 0.999... and 1 is closely related to
the absence of nonzero infinitesimals in the real number system,
the most commonly used system in mathematical analysis.
Some alternative number systems, such as the hyperreals,
do contain nonzero infinitesimals;
and then the symbol "0.999..." admits the interpretation
of falling infinitesimally short of 1.
The equality 0.999... = 1 has long been accepted by mathematicians
because they are concerned with real numbers not hyperreals.
12.27: me:
0.999... is not a real number; it's a hyperreal;
because it is equal to 1 -1/infinity (the infinitesimal);
making it infinitely close to 1 but not real;
that's why 0.999... can't be equal to 1;
1 is a real; 0.999... is a hyperreal.